Browse our quotes collection, once you found your desired one, create beautiful quote as image and share on Facebook, Twitter & Pinterest. Jobs in Pakistan to search online, Jobz.pk is top Pakistani job portal for job opportunities in Government & Private sector. Find todays office & home based jobs in. Telecommunications in India began with the introduction of the telegraph. The Indian postal and telecom sectors are one of the worlds oldest. In 1850, the first. Complete list of top recruitment agencies in Dubai UAE Abu Dhabi,List of Headhunters in Dubai Abu Dhabi UAE,Top 150+ recruitment agencies in UAE. Telecommunications in India - Wikipedia. This article is about communications in India. For a more general coverage of media in India, see Media of India. Communications in India. Total revenue (2. US$3. 4 billion)[1]Telephony. Total telephone subscribers. June 2. 01. 7)[2]Mobile subscribers. May 2. 01. 7)[2]Fixed line subscribers. May 2. 01. 7)[2]Monthly telephone additions (Net)6. May 2. 01. 7)[2]Teledensity. May 2. 01. 7)[2]Urban Teledensity. May 2. 01. 7)[2]Rural Teledensity. May 2. 01. 7)[2]Internet access. Internet users. 46. January 2. 01. 6)[3]Broadband subscribers. May 2. 01. 7)[2]Internet penetration. January 2. 01. 6)[3][4]Share of World Internet Users. January 2. 01. 6)[3]country code top- level domain. Broadcasting. Television channels. Jun. 2. 01. 7)[5]Radio stations. March 2. 01. 6)[6]India's telecommunication network is the second largest in the world by number of telephone users (both fixed and mobile phone) with 1. August 2. 01. 6. It has one of the lowest call tariffs in the world enabled by mega telecom operators and hyper- competition among them. India has the world's second- largest Internet user- base. As on 3. 1 March 2. Major sectors of the Indian telecommunication industry are telephone, internet and television broadcast Industry in the country which is in an ongoing process of transforming into next generation network, employs an extensive system of modern network elements such as digital telephone exchanges, mobile switching centres, media gateways and signalling gateways at the core, interconnected by a wide variety of transmission systems using fibre- optics or Microwave radio relay networks. The access network, which connects the subscriber to the core, is highly diversified with different copper- pair, optic- fibre and wireless technologies. DTH, a relatively new broadcasting technology has attained significant popularity in the Television segment. The introduction of private FM has given a fillip to the radio broadcasting in India. Telecommunication in India has greatly been supported by the INSAT system of the country, one of the largest domestic satellite systems in the world. India possesses a diversified communications system, which links all parts of the country by telephone, Internet, radio, television and satellite.[8]Indian telecom industry underwent a high pace of market liberalisation and growth since the 1. The Industry has grown over twenty times in just ten years, from under 3. India has the world's second- largest mobile phone user base with over 9. May 2. 01. 2.[8] It has the world's second- largest Internet user- base with over 3. June 2. 01. 5.[1. Telecommunication has supported the socioeconomic development of India and has played a significant role to narrow down the rural- urban digital divide to some extent. It also has helped to increase the transparency of governance with the introduction of e- governance in India. The government has pragmatically used modern telecommunication facilities to deliver mass education programmes for the rural folk of India.[1. According to London- based telecom trade body GSMA, the telecom sector accounted for 6. India's GDP in 2. US$1. 40 billion), and supported direct employment for 2. GSMA estimates that the Indian telecom sector will contribute ₹1. US$2. 30 billion) to the economy and support 3 million direct jobs and 2 million indirect jobs by 2. History[edit]The beginning[edit]. A microwave tower for short distance (~5. Telecommunications in India began with the introduction of the telegraph. The Indian postal and telecom sectors are one of the worlds oldest. In 1. 85. 0, the first experimental electric telegraph line was started between Calcutta and Diamond Harbour. In 1. 85. 1, it was opened for the use of the British East India Company. The Posts and Telegraphs department occupied a small corner of the Public Works Department,[1. The construction of 4,0. November 1. 85. 3. These connected Kolkata (then Calcutta) and Peshawar in the north; Agra, Mumbai (then Bombay) through Sindwa Ghats, and Chennai (then Madras) in the south; Ootacamund and Bangalore. William O'Shaughnessy, who pioneered the telegraph and telephone in India, belonged to the Public Works Department, and worked towards the development of telecom throughout this period. A separate department was opened in 1. In 1. 88. 0, two telephone companies namely The Oriental Telephone Company Ltd. The Anglo- Indian Telephone Company Ltd. Government of India to establish telephone exchange in India. The permission was refused on the grounds that the establishment of telephones was a Government monopoly and that the Government itself would undertake the work. In 1. 88. 1, the Government later reversed its earlier decision and a licence was granted to the Oriental Telephone Company Limited of England for opening telephone exchanges at Calcutta, Bombay, Madras and Ahmedabad and the first formal telephone service was established in the country.[1. On 2. 8 January 1. Major E. Baring, Member of the Governor General of India's Council declared open the Telephone Exchanges in Calcutta, Bombay and Madras. The exchange in Calcutta named the "Central Exchange" had a total of 9. Later that year, Bombay also witnessed the opening of a telephone exchange.[1. Further developments and milestones[edit]Development of Broadcasting: Radio broadcasting was initiated in 1. In 1. 93. 7 it was given the name All India Radio and since 1. Akashvani.[2. 0] Limited duration of television programming began in 1. The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting owned and maintained the audio- visual apparatus—including the television channel Doordarshan—in the country prior to the economic reforms of 1. In 1. 99. 7, an autonomous body was established in the name of Prasar Bharti to take care of the public service broadcasting under the Prasar Bharti Act. All India Radio and Doordarshan, which earlier were working as media units under the Ministry of I& B became constituents of the body.[1. Pre- liberalisation statistics: While all the major cities and towns in the country were linked with telephones during the British period, the total number of telephones in 1. Post independence, growth remained slow because the telephone was seen more as a status symbol rather than being an instrument of utility. The number of telephones grew leisurely to 9. Liberalisation and privatisation[edit]Liberalisation of Indian telecommunication in industry started in 1. Prime Minister Indira Gandhi signed contracts with Alcatel CIT of France to merge with the state owned Telecom Company (ITI), in an effort to set up 5,0. But soon the policy was let down because of political opposition.[2. Attempts to liberalise the telecommunication industry were continued by the following government under the prime- minister- ship of Rajiv Gandhi. He invited Sam Pitroda, a US- based Non- resident Indian NRI and a former Rockwell International executive to set up a Centre for Development of Telematics(C- DOT) which manufactured electronic telephone exchanges in India for the first time.[2. Sam Pitroda had a significant role as a consultant and adviser in the development of telecommunication in India.[2. In 1. 98. 5, the Department of Telecom(Do. T) was separated from Indian Post & Telecommunication Department. Do. T was responsible for telecom services in entire country until 1. Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) and Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) were carved out of Do. T to run the telecom services of metro cities(Delhi and Mumbai) and international long distance operations respectively.[2. The demand for telephones was ever increasing and in the 1. Indian government was under increasing pressure to open up the telecom sector for private investment as a part of Liberalisation- Privatisation- Globalisation policies that the government had to accept to overcome the severe fiscal crisis and resultant balance of payments issue in 1. Consequently, private investment in the sector of Value Added Services (VAS) was allowed and cellular telecom sector were opened up for competition from private investments. It was during this period that the Narsimha Rao- led government introduced the National Telecommunications policy (NTP) in 1. The policy introduced the concept of telecommunication for all and its vision was to expand the telecommunication facilities to all the villages in India.[2. Liberalisation in the basic telecom sector was also envisaged in this policy.[2.
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